{"id":46,"date":"2025-06-29T19:38:08","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T11:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbfwq.com\/blog\/?p=46"},"modified":"2025-06-29T19:38:08","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T11:38:08","slug":"%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e7%9a%84-sql-%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%a5%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e5%a4%9a%e5%b0%91%e6%ad%a5%e9%aa%a4%e5%92%8c%e6%b3%a8%e6%84%8f%e4%ba%8b%e9%a1%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/46.html","title":{"rendered":"\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u8fc5\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u64cd\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u4ee5 MySQL \u548c PostgreSQL \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5 MySQL \u548c PostgreSQL \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5e0c\u671b\u5229\u7528 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u60a8\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fde\u63a5 MySQL \u548c PostgreSQL \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

MySQL \u8fde\u63a5\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

mysql -u username -p<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u8fde\u63a5\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
psql -U username -d postgres<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cusername<\/strong> \u662f\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u521b\u5efa\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE database_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE database_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 database_name<\/strong> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9009\u9879\u548c\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff08collation\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE database_name WITH ENCODING 'UTF8';<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cCHARACTER SET<\/strong> \u548c COLLATE<\/strong> \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u521b\u5efa<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL \u9a8c\u8bc1\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SHOW DATABASES;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u9a8c\u8bc1\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SELECT datname FROM pg_database;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u770b\u5230\u60a8\u521a\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u6237\u5177\u6709 CREATE<\/strong> \u6743\u9650\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e10\u6237\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6388\u4e88\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL \u6388\u6743\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'localhost';<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u6388\u6743\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE database_name TO username;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u547d\u540d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u9075\u5faa\u5982\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5206\u9694\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 my_app_database<\/strong> \u800c\u975e My App Database<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6027\u80fd\u8003\u8651<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u672a\u6765\u6570\u636e\u7684\u589e\u957f\u91cf\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u533a\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5907\u4efd\u548c\u6062\u590d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b MySQL \u5907\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
mysqldump -u username -p database_name > backup_file.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u7684\u5907\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pg_dump -U username -F c -b -v -f backup_file.backup database_name<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22 SQL \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u80fd\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8ba9\u60a8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u66f4\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u8fc5\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u64cd\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u4ee5 MySQL \u548c PostgreSQL \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-46","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jishu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46\/revisions\/49"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idc61.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=46"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}